Thursday, 12 December 2013

Theme 6: Qualitative and case study research

Published in: the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (Impact Factor: 1.778)
In this paper they explore the utilization of the Internet as a means of health information consumption among young women with breast cancer who were known Internet users.
Most of the study was conducted online.
The qualitative methodology used in this study was the interview-I would characterize them as unstructured/ semi-structured interviews- in the form of narratives. The 35 participants wrote the narratives, where they expressed their experiences. Predetermined sentence stems were provided to enable the participants to think and write what they needed at certain points in their diagnosis and treatment trajectory. 
The narrative information that was collected from study participants was analyzed with the aid of NVivo- qualitative data analysis software. The narratives were coded when they were received.
The benefits of using narratives is that they provide in depth understanding of personal experience and viewpoint. This light lead to information expected or valuable new insights and understanding. Since most of the study was conducted online, the participants could write their narratives when it was convenient for them. Plus, the material was already transcribed, which is a time consuming procedure. The participants were able to express themselves in ways that were meaningful to them, rather than imposing pre-assigned response categories on their experiences.
The limitation of using this type of qualitative methodology is that it is time consuming to collect the data and to analyze them. It is difficult and time consuming to filter the useful data from the useless ones. But since in this study the researchers provided the guidelines, it was easier for the participants to understand what was needed and discuss it. A disadvantage of using online interviews is that it is inconvenient to ask follow-up questions or clarifications. Additionally, body language and other useful information cannot be obtained through observation.
Qualitative methodologies can provide specific, detailed and in depth information and deeper understanding about behaviors and opinions. In this paper, we obtained valuable information on why and when young women with breast cancer use internet and how they don’t value internet as the most trusted source of information.  
What is a case study?
According to Eisenhardt (1989: 534), “The case study is a research strategy which focuses on understanding the dynamics present within single settings.” Case studies can involve one or multiple cases and numerous levels of analysis. Case studies can be used for various reasons: to provide description, test theories and generate them.


Published in: the journal Computers in Human Behavior (Impact Factor: 2.067)

The case study research method is used to investigate how various forms of media were used by young people in the discussion of significant events. Specifically, the researchers investigated the use of social and traditional media by college students regarding the closure of the state University of South Florida Polytechnic (USFP).

An online survey was combined with social and online media monitoring to access the topics, authors and methods used during the discussions about the closure of USFP.

One of the strengths of this paper is the combination of methodologies to collect and analyze the data. This allows for strengthening the grounding of the theory and for the synergistic view of evidence (Eisenhard, Ibid: 533).
Novelty is another strength (Ibid). This case study tested a theory- the assumption that social media was a tool for younger adults. According to the findings, social media played an important role in the discussion and Twitter was the most common format used, but it was mostly used by people working in the media sector. Interestingly enough, students instead relied on traditional sources to gather information. This case study showed that it is incorrect to automatically assume younger demographic authorship or utilization of social media technology. The researchers note overall the data present an unexpected result (Ibid: 2662), which was in contrast with general assumption and previous literature. So, compared to conflicting literature, it builds internal validity; it raises theoretical level and it sharpens construct definitions (Eisenhard, Ibid).
On the other hand, as in all case studies, we are facing the danger of the generalizability of the results due to the examination of a specific population and/ or incident in a specific context. As Eisenhard (Ibid) mentions, the case study is a bottom up approach and the risk is that the theory describes an idiosyncratic phenomenon. Young people in studying in another University and living in another continent might use social media more than traditional ones, or they might be the most active users of twitter.



REFERENCES

Balka, E., Krueger, G., Holmes, B. J. and Stephen, J. E. (2010). Situating Internet Use: Information-Seeking Among Young Women with Breast Cancer. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15, pp. 389–411.

Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building Theories from Case Study Research. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14(4), pp. 532-550.


Kelling, N. J. , Kelling, A. S., Lennon, J. F. (2013). The tweets that killed a university: A case study investigating the use of traditional and social media in the closure of a state university. Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 29(6), pp. 2656-2664. 

2 comments:

  1. Hey Katerina-Ioanna!

    Interesting subjects indeed. Regarding your first paper concerning breast cancer, do I believe that the metrology "Narratives" can be really interesting. My first though is how this paper would be different if the authors conducted another method, one of the more "normal" ones. Do you believe that the results and conclusions would be "better" if that were to be the case?

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    1. Hej Adam!

      Indeed, narratives can be really interesting and useful in getting meaningful information by the participants. The participants are able to express themselves in ways that are meaningful to them.
      Taking into consideration that in this paper they explore the utilization of internet as means of health information consumption among young women who had breast cancer and who were known to be Internet users, I think that methodology used was the appropriate one. I say that in the sense that the research question was pretty narrow. Additionally, cancer is a sensitive topic and therefore the participants might feel more relaxed and it might be easier for them be able to open up by narratizing about their experience.

      Having said that, I would like to note that other methodologies could also be useful and appropriate. I was also thinking of what would happen had the researchers used another qualitative methodology. To answer your question I believe that using face-to-face open-ended interviews, online questionnaires, or even diaries could provide different results and conclusions. But we cannot be sure about it. And even if the results and conclusions were quite different, I don't know if we could characterize them as "better" .

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